The deductive method based on presenting the case to attract attention

 It is a correct and scientific method, where the deductive method helps to make the ideas proposed usually true, orderly and scientifically reproved.

Deductive methods are built on logical and mental foundations, which makes them an essential part of intellectual and dialectical discussions, in dialectical discussions one must follow explanatory methodological foundations to highlight the significance and strengthen the content presented.

Researchers have worked to develop scientific research methods by developing different methods of deduction and making them based on clear fixed foundations that can be used throughout scientific and historical eras and at different times.

What is the deductive method?

Conclusion is defined according to the Cambridge International Dictionary as a logical process that involves thinking about a number of problems to arrive at logical answers based on research and conclusion.

The deductive method is divided into a number of types, the most famous of which are:

• Deductive deductive method.
• Inductive deductive method.

Deductive conclusion: It is a scientific approach that depends on solving problems by imposing general hypotheses into specific hypotheses and then finding an investigative conclusion.

Inductive deduction: It is a process of reverse proof of deductive deduction, as it involves imposing several things and deducing them through the branching of ideas from the private to the general.

The difference between deductive deduction and inductive deduction

Deductive deduction differs from inductive conclusion in a number of points:

• The deductive deduction approach is called the top-down approach, while the deduction approach is called the bottom-up approach.
• The deductive deductive method is started from general ideas to reach a specific special point, while the inductive method is started from a special point to a general idea, and the hypothesis is tested in both of them by inferential statistics.
• The inductive deductive method is called the hypothesis-generating approach, where starting from a specific point to a general idea helps to generate new theories, and is usually used before starting deductive deduction.
• Deductive deduction is widely used in scientific research because of the flow of its intellectual approach from general hypotheses to specific and clear ideas that can be proven.

The following image shows the itinerary of both deductive and inductive deduction:

First, the course of the deductive conclusion: the imposed theory← the new hypothesis← observation← confirmation.

Second, the course of inductive deduction: observation ← tentative hypothesis← theory

Deductive conclusion

Deductive reasoning is known as (Deductive reasoning), which is a logical intellectual approach based on the hypothesis of things and their conclusion through the branching from general hypotheses to specific ideas and conclusions proven by extension, and it is called the deductive method or the deductive method or (top-down thinking) any top-down approach.

It is the exact opposite of inductive deduction, where inductive deduction follows the opposite approach where it begins the hypothesis and conclusion of things by branching from the particular to the general, which often results in a false generalization.

In dialectical discussions, one must follow the foundations of an explanatory methodology to highlight the significance and strengthen the content presented, and the deductive conclusion helps to do so by starting with an indisputable point until it reaches a conclusion based on it, and the fixed point is called the basic hypothesis (premise).

The premise is an accepted idea, whether a fact or a rule that is indisputable, and it is the cornerstone of the hypotheses based on it that end with an inevitable result.

Method of finding a conclusion by deductive deductive method

• Start with a general basic premise.
• Hypothesize another true hypothesis that can be linked to the first hypothesis.
• Give the desired result.

For example, to prove that spiders do not belong to hexagonal insects, all we have to do is follow these steps:

Start with a general basic premise: hexapoda insects have 6 articulated legs.

Hypothesis two: spiders have eight arthropods.

Give the result: If spiders do not belong to the hexagonal family of insects.

Conditions for the deductive method

• The first hypothesis must be a fully valid general fact (Valid premise).
• Both the first hypothesis and the conclusion are completely correct and infallible. (Sound Deduction).

The first hypothesis must be a fully valid general fact: the validity of the conclusion requires that the basis is correct from the beginning and linked from the beginning to the hypothesis and the result that follows, even if the result reached is not true.

The following is an example of valid deductive arguments but their results are incorrect:

Hypothesis one: when there is a rainbow, flights are canceled.

Hypothesis two: there is a rainbow now.

Conclusion: Current flights will be cancelled.

Although the previous hypothesis is correct, it lacks the correct conclusion, it may happen that flights take off at that time without waiting for the rainbow to disappear, making it a valid hypothesis with the conclusion not being completely true.

The second example, the first hypothesis: all tigers have spots (true and true hypothesis).

Second hypothesis: my pet also has spots(a real hypothesis and related to what preceded it through spots).

Conclusion: if my pet is a tiger. (Conclusion potentially true or false).

Although the previous hypothesis is correct and scientifically proven and correlated with the information following it, it lacks a correct conclusion, which makes the hypothesis valid but the conclusion is disputed in validity.

Both the first hypothesis and the conclusion are completely correct and infallible: This means that the entire composition of the conclusion is fully and correctly interconnected by extension, and the following is an example of a fully correct conclusion.

Hypothesis I: Flights refrain from taking off in very bad weather conditions. (True and true hypothesis).

Hypothesis two: the weather now is very bad. (A real hypothesis and related to what preceded it).

Conclusion: the aircraft will not take off in this atmosphere (a correct and real conclusion and is related to both previous hypotheses).

In the previous example, the condition of the correct conclusion verified the validity and truth of the basic hypothesis, and its connection to the hypothesis following it, as well as the validity of the conclusion, which makes it a sound and valid deduction.

Uses of deductive deduction in the research field

Since the deductive conclusion depends on inferring at the beginning of correct things and ending with a correct conclusion, it was adopted as part of the logical correct hypothetical method of scientific research, it is used to excite the listener and make him eager to know the final conclusion based on unquestionable evidence.

The hypothetico-deductive method is used in scientific research to test the validity of the hypothesis by verifying the validity of the data received, and includes a number of steps:

• Choose a clear research problem.
• Assume refutable and questionable hypotheses concerning the problem through the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis.
• Compilation of information on the hypothesis.
• Analyze information accurately.
• Look at the first basic hypothesis and make sure that it is fully valid. [2][4]

Some research terms related to deductive deduction

• Zero.
• Alternative.

Before starting the practical application of the steps of scientific research, some research terms related to it must be clarified, such as the hypothesis:

Null: The null hypothesis assumes that there is no change at all during the research process (H0) known as (Null hypothesis)

Alternative: The alternative hypothesis assumes the hypothesis of occurrence during the research process (Ha or H1) is known as (Alternative hypothesis).

To apply these steps, look at the following example:

Research problem: Increasing weekly working days and their impact on the employee and the workflow.

Null hypothesis: no change in employee status.

Alternative hypothesis: reducing working days to 4 days instead of 5 days without reducing pay will help improve the workflow as well as the psychological state of employees.

Aggregated information: Dividing two groups of employees over a number of months so that one team of them works 5 days a week and the other team works for 4 days a week and obtain a monthly questionnaire for the psychological state of employees before and after the change.

Survey result: The psychological state of employees improved based on the questionnaires by 25% after changing weekly work rates.

Final conclusion: Based on statistical evidence, the null hypothesis is refuted because it is not proven and the alternative hypothesis is strengthened.